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Reverse Exchanges
Improvement Exchanges
Partnership Exchanges
Master Like Kind Exchanges
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One of the points we always make in our seminars and workshops is, "you never
sell and buy real estate if you can perform an exchange." It is clear that,
even with capital losses and suspended losses to offset gain, an exchange is
preferable to paying taxes on the unprotected equity. For a single owner of
property, exchanges are quite simple. A telephone call to a qualified exchange
facilitator and the exchange is practically done. Exchanges may be more
difficult if property is owned in a partnership.
Partnerships take many forms. There are general partnerships,
limited partnerships, joint ventures, joint tenancy, corporations, etc.. The
I.R.S. recognizes a partnership as a single entity, a single person. This
"person" may exchange real estate, but the individuals who make up the
partnership may not exchange their individual shares. This creates a problem
when one or more persons wish to break out of the partnership and go on their
own without paying capital gains tax. There is an exception to this
restriction. If ownership is held in tenancy-in-common, the I.R.S. will
consider that each owner holds the equivalent of a separate piece of real
estate and can trade that piece for another property of their
own.
Since exchanging creates much more wealth than buying and selling, it would
seem that investors should always use the tenancy-in-common form of partnership
when buying property with several people. In fact, this is a common practice
among exchangors. However, partnership are formed for different reasons, that
is why there is so much variety. Each form of partnership has advantages and
disadvantages which should be reviewed and compared to the benefit of tax
deferral. It is important to meet with a qualified real estate attorney to
review the differences among various forms of ownership and to draft the
tenancy-in-common agreement
Many investors are in a partnership or wish to enter one which is already
formed. If their partnership is not a tenancy-in-common, it may be possible to
convert. General partnerships and joint ventures may be converted with little
problem. Limited partnerships, corporations and the like cannot usually be
converted. A tax attorney can help determine if it is possible to convert a
particular form of ownership. If an investor wishes to join a partnership which
is not a tenancy-in-common, such as a limited partnership, he may form a
tenancy-in-common with the partnership. The limited partnership may sell or
exchange its undivided interest and the Exchangor can exchange his separately.
It is possible to create a tenancy-in-common with or between any form of
partnership. Each legal "person" retains the ability to exchange his ownership
interest.
A great deal of confusion and misinformation is generated by partnership
exchanges. If rapid wealth-building is the reason for investing, then the
tenancy-in-common should be the preferred form of partnership. To use the
procedure properly, retain a qualified attorney to form the partnership and a
qualified facilitator to perform the exchange.
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